The ups and downs of the semiconductor industry have only recently become of widespread concern. The challenges faced by chip manufacturers and their supply chain were unlikely to cause too much of a stir prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. But when a shortage of the components started to impact car and smartphone production, and the availability of products including home appliances, more people started to take notice.

Now, as economies around the world continue their recovery from the pandemic the semiconductor industry must find its way back to normality as well. Here are five key factors that will help to determine how long and winding that road is.